Understanding why critics’ responses to Beethoven and to Schoenberg were so different lies in recognizing the commonality of the critics’ approaches.
By not specifically citing sexual minorities in the Article 2 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the U.N. relegates to individual states the power to decide how they will treat their lesbian and gay citizens.
This paper analyzes the linkages between ethics and economics in the writings of Aristotle, Smith and Sen, and then provides an alternative paradigm for addressing ethical or normative concerns within contemporary economics