We report fndings of reciprocal transplant experiments intended to tease apart the roles of differentiation and plasticity in producing phenotypic variation across a geographic border between two plant subspecies. Clarkia xantiana ssp. xantiana and C. xantiana ssp. parvifora are California-endemic annuals that replace each other along a westG??east gradient of declining precipitation.
Hydrophyllaceae is a characteristically herbaceous family; only Eriodictyon Benth., Wigandia H.B.K., and the monotypic Turricula Macbr. can be considered woody (stems attaining a diameter of more than 1 em). Are plants such as these relicts from a woody ancestry, or is the family secondarily woody?
