A simple two-sector effort-regulation model, which assumes that the cost of job loss responds to labor's bargaining power and which acknowledges influences of institutional change, import penetration and shifting employment, can account for the declining real wages for non-supervisory workers in goods sector industries in the 1980s.
Individual plants in gynodioecious populations of Phacelia linearis (Hydrophyllaceae) vary in flower gender, flower size, and flower number. This paper reports the effects of variation in floral display on the visitation behaviour of this species' pollinators (mainly pollen-collecting solitary bees) in several natural and three experimental plant populations, and discusses the results in terms of the consequences for plant fitness.
