This is an essay chronicling the history of the black studies major at Grinnell College, with an emphasis on the reasons it had such a short career. It also provides an overview of the CBS (Concerned Black Students) Manifesto of 1971.
Poland and Ireland each have some of the world's most restrictive abortion legislation, with abortion being nearly if not entirely criminalized in both countries. The Catholic Church filled a nationalist role, setting the stage for each country to become a modern theocracy.