We report fndings of reciprocal transplant experiments intended to tease apart the roles of differentiation and plasticity in producing phenotypic variation across a geographic border between two plant subspecies. Clarkia xantiana ssp. xantiana and C. xantiana ssp. parvifora are California-endemic annuals that replace each other along a westG??east gradient of declining precipitation.
We examine the contribution of plant pollinator interactions to the geographic range limit of the California endemic plant Clarkia xantiana ssp. xantiana. We show that pollinator availability declined from the center to the margin of the geographic range consistently across four years of study.
Hydrophyllaceae is a characteristically herbaceous family; only Eriodictyon Benth., Wigandia H.B.K., and the monotypic Turricula Macbr. can be considered woody (stems attaining a diameter of more than 1 em). Are plants such as these relicts from a woody ancestry, or is the family secondarily woody?